The healthcare sector has moved from using paper-based records to electronically updated and shared records. This, in turn, has increased the demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare to enable the collection and sharing of information directly through the Internet from anywhere in the world.

Cloud computing allows end-users to utilize a network of remote servers hosted over the internet to store, manage, and process data instead of relying on a local server or system. With the emergence of cloud-based technologies, the retail industry has undergone tremendous transformation.

Some of the biggest challenges faced by the telecom industry include the growing number of subscribers and user database, the ever-increasing data transmission rate, and providing latent-free services to end-users. In order to tackle these issues, telco providers and networking infrastructure providers jointly came up with the heterogeneous network (HetNet) model, which encompasses components such as small cell, Distributed Antenna System (DAS), and Radio Access Network (RAN).