Shopping had been transformed in the past half century. Shoppers have changed since the relative stability of the 1970s and earlier, which had been fairly consistent in the post-World War II era.

Regression analysis is an important component of data-driven decision-making. This statistical technique is widely used in various fields, including economics, finance, marketing, healthcare, and social sciences, to understand the relationships between variables and make informed predictions.

In the modern age of information and data-driven decision-making, there exists a unique phenomenon: the fear of the statistical gods. Just as ancient civilizations believed in divine beings who governed various aspects of life, those who navigate the realms of data and statistics often develop an irrational yet deeply ingrained fear of displeasing these unseen deities.

Statistical inference definition: the theory, methods, and practice of forming judgments about the parameters of a population and the reliability of statistical relationships, typically on the basis of random sampling.

Artificial intelligence algorithms are designed to make decisions, often using real-time data. They are unlike passive machines that are capable only of mechanical or predetermined responses.